Film is a global business, but each country has a different mode of production. This and (for some) an added language barrier has made the first English-language film a difficult proposition for even the most acclaimed of international filmmakers.
Over the past two years, South Korea’s big three filmmakers – Bong Joon-ho, Park Chan-wook and Kim Jee-woon – have found this out the hard way. Of the three, Bong Joon-ho has had the most success in his homeland: The Host set records and his newest film, Snowpiercer, broke them. But his film was made without North American distribution from the get-go, so the movie has taken an additional year to make it to the US.
Snowpiercer is primarily in English (with some Korean). In the future, after an attempt to counter climate change has gone awry and plummeted the world into an ice age, most of the world’s population has died. The survivors are all aboard a long train and, even in unthinkable conditions, survivors are divided by class. A revolt happens in the back of the train: to try to get to the front.
Snowpiercer stars Chris Evans, Tilda Swinton, Jamie Bell, Ed Harris and John Hurt. The film was produced via companies that were based in South Korea, the UK and the US. And it’s based on a French graphic novel. Because the film was a multi-national production, it actually helped in getting it into theaters with the director’s final cut. Well, the Korean box office helped; so did the poorly-tested American version that had 20 minutes cut from the film per request of the American distributor. That’s now been scrapped and the full 126-minute film will be in theaters this Friday as Bong intended.
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Related: Interview with Bong Joon-ho, Director of Snowpiercer
“All three of us [directors] know each other well,” Bong told the Financial Times. Park (Oldboy, Sympathy for Lady Vengeance) and Kim (A Tale of Two Sisters, I Saw the Devil) made their debuts via the US studio system. Park was at Fox for the Nicole Kidman starring Stoker and Kim at Lionsgate for the Arnold Schwarzenegger comeback attempt, The Last Stand. “And when we talk about our experiences on these films … we’re like ‘Oh, I had it the worst.’ But they did have a worse time than me… In the case of Park and Kim, the Hollywood studio has a very strong power. And they didn’t have final say.” Fox cut 20-minutes from Stoker and Lionsgate had final script approval for The Last Stand. And the script was still changing after shooting had already begun.
Bong wrestled with The Weinstein Company over final cut for almost a year, but since The Weinstein Company came aboard after the film was already completed and their shorter print wasn’t testing as well, Bong’s version won out. Succinctly, Bong told CraveOnline, “I’m glad it’s getting released.”
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The last big trifecta of foreign-language filmmakers who were making their Hollywood film debuts around the same time were Alfonso Cuaron (A Little Princess), Guillermo del Toro (Mimic) and Alejandro Gonzalez Iñárritu (21 Grams) from Mexico. They too were very close and often produced each other’s films. When Hollywood (and Britain) starts filling their new director seats with foreign directors they’ve often focused on certain film renaissances within other countries specific “waves.” In early Hollywood there was an influx of German talent, filmmakers like F.W. Murnau (Nosferatu) and Fritz Lang (M), who were escaping the rise of the Nazi party when they made their American masterpieces. Similarly the Czech New Wave sought refuge in Hollywood during the Cold War. And arthouse attention to French and Italian directors greatly influenced the direction of 1970s American cinema.
But while not every English-language debut has fulfilled the promise of their native land, we here at CraveOnline generally like to look on the positive side. So, in honor of Snowpiercer (which we enjoyed) let’s look at some of the best English-language debuts.
Now to keep this a little simpler we only chose films that had an English-speaking country involved with the production. The 1970s onward saw many foreign filmmakers use Hollywood actors in films financed and shot in their native country. For example, although Marlon Brando was in Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Tango in Paris, it was a French-Italian co-production. Similarly, Dennis Hopper played Tom Ripley in Wim Wender’s German production, The American Friend. So technically speaking, Bertolucci’s first American production was the incestuous mother-son heroin addiction love film Luna (unseen) and Wenders’ was the underwhelming Hammett. Likewise, since Murnau made his debut with a silent film, we nixed it as title cards don’t really keep with the English-language debut theme (even though Sunrise is one of the all-time best films. You really should watch it.). And while Breaking the Waves is a devastatingly amazing (wrecking) film, Lars von Trier began working in the English language in a UK co-production of The Kingdom TV mini-series. And we weren’t sure what to do with him.
That’s just a disclaimer for some possible omissions. We know there’s some very passionate Stoker fans out there. So feel free to use any language in the comment section to let us know what we missed, or where we flubbed (or even if you just appreciate our highlights; like we said, we’re positive here). With those ground rules, please peruse our selections for The Top 12 English-Language Film Debuts (American or UK production). Why 12? One of our favorite scenes in Snowpiercer takes place in a classroom. Grab your pencils.
Slideshow: Top 12 English-Language Film Debuts
Brian Formo is a featured contributor on the CraveOnline Film Channel. You can follow him on Twitter at @BrianEmilFormo.
Top English-Language Debuts
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Tomas Alfredson
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (UK, 2011)
Previous Pedigree: Let the Right One In (Sweden, 2008)
Alfredson was an international unknown when his revisionist vampire film brought him buckets of acclaim. It even got a respectable Hollywood remake in the re-titled Let Me In.
Alfredson's English debut was a buttoned-up spy film. The cast was classy: Gary Oldman, Colin Firth, Tom Hardy, Benedict Cumberbatch, John Hurt, Toby Jones and Mark Strong. And the material was strong: a novel by John Le Carre. Alfredson played his ace cast like a symphony and Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy became one of the most intelligent films about stealing intelligence.
Notable Since: Alfredson has not completed a film since Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy was released. He has two potentially in development.
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Alejandro Amenabar
The Others (USA, 2001)
Previous Pedigree: Open Your Eyes (Spain, 1997), Thesis (Spain, 1996)
Like Alfredson, Amenabar already had one of his homeland films remade by Hollywood before he made his first Hollywood film (1997's Open Your Eyes became Vanilla Sky). Tom Cruise was obviously a mega-fan. Cruise produced both Vanilla Sky and The Others and both were released in 2001.
While the re-imagined Sky saw director Cameron Crowe go the most bonkers he ever has, the original film's director turned in a meticulous ghost story. A partial adaptation of a Henry James' spook-story (that was also the basis for the fantastic 60's film The Innocents), The Others eerily builds to a perfectly executed climax.
Notable Since: The Sea Inside (Spain, 2004)
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Michelangelo Antonioni
Blowup (UK, 1966)
Previous Pedigree: L'Avventura (Italy, 1960), La Notte (Italy, 1961), L'Eclisse (Italy, 1962)
Antonioni was the only one of the 60s big-time European filmmakers (Ingmar Bergman, Francois Truffaut) to make more than one film in English (Jean-Luc Godard and Federico Fellini never bothered). And his debut, Blowup, is an absolute stunner. Unlike all the nostalgia films that would follow, Blowup -- which is set in the actual Swingin' London of the era -- films the swinging 60s of sex, drugs and rock 'n roll as a deceptively hollow, reactionary experience... unless it's being documented.
Blowup is not only a great film, but it was also hugely influential: the nude fashion shoots ushered in the start the MPAA ratings board, and the film itself (obsession over a captured moment of paranoia) greatly informed Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation and Brian De Palma's Blow Out.
Notable Since: The Passenger (USA, 1975), Zabriskie Point (USA, 1970)
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Alfonso Cuaron
A Little Princess (USA, 1995)
Previous Pedigree: Solo Con Tu Pareja (Mexico, 1991)
Cuaron has twice been chosen to direct children's films (A Little Princess and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban) following very adult Mexican films (Solo Con Tu Pareja and Y Tu Mama Tambien). Something about the way he filmed attempted suicides (Pareja) and mutual masturbation (Tu Mama) twice made Warner Brothers ask him to film heroic children. And we're all lucky for that.
A Little Princess is a marvelous, necessary celebration of the capability of a child's immagination to get them out of real-life problems.
Notable Since: Gravity (USA, 2013), Children of Men (USA, 2006), Y Tu Mama Tambien (Mexico, 2001) and Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (UK, 2004)
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Guillermo del Toro
Mimic (USA, 1997)
Previous Pedigree: Cronos (Mexico, 1993)
Del Toro is a gifted filmmaker who draws from old monster movies and Hammer Films' horror-shows and, due to our increased threshold of violence, actually gets to use a hammer to deliver.
Mimic is similar to Cronos in that they both involve a new species of bugs. But del Toro's first Hollywood picture lets him create a bigger bug: one that'd fill a subway tunnel. Gross.
Notable Since: Pan's Labyrinth (Spain, 2006), Pacific Rim (USA, 2013), Hellboy (USA, 2004) and Blade II (USA, 2002)
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Milos Forman
Taking Off (USA, 1971)
Previous Pedigree: The Fireman's Ball (Czechoslavakia, 1967), Loves of a Blonde (Czechoslavakia, 1965)
While Forman's English-language films have mostly been epic in nature, his first was the most similar to his Czech work: a satire. Satire got Forman into hot water with the Soviet controlled Czechoslavakian government, but it translates very well to Taking Off.
In a country with more choices, Forman focuses on a girl who runs away. Her parents join a Society for the Parents of Missing Children, where they're instructed on new bonding rituals -- such as how to smoke marijuana -- for when their children return.
Taking Off is also notable for the feature film debuts of the great character actors Kathy Bates (here credited as Bobo Bates!) and Vincent Schiavelli (who informs the parents what "bogarting" a joint means).
Notable Since: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (USA, 1975), Amadeus (USA, 1984), The People vs. Larry Flynt (USA, 1996) and Man on the Moon (USA, 1999)
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Emir Kusturika
Arizona Dream (USA, 1992)
Previous Pedigree: When Father was Away on Business (Yugoslavia, 1985), Time of the Gypsies (Yugoslavia, 1988)
What an oddity. Arizona Dream is probably the lowest regarded film on this list, but we think it's very underrated. At the very least it's a needed reminder of how adventurous a young Johnny Depp was, before he only starred in movies that would cut him a huge paycheck.
Arizona Dream follows dream logic. A halibut caught in Alaska reappears in the desert of Arizona. Depp starts a potential romance with a woman who plays the accordian for her turtle farm. I guess you could say it's about love. Just go with it. Kusturika is a master at patient whimsy.
Notable Since: Underground (Yugoslavia, 1995) and Black Cat, White Cat (Yugoslavia, 1998)
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Fritz Lang
Fury (USA, 1936)
Previous Pedigree: M (Germany, 1931), Metropolis (Germany, 1927), The Testament of Dr. Mabuse (Germany, 1933)
Dr. Mabuse was considered too threatening to the Nazi party for it to be released in Germany. But Lang had an admirer in Hitler's rank, Joseph Goebbles, the ministor of propaganda. Goebbles offered Lang a position as the head of the German film industry. Lang suspected a trap and fled, eventually getting safe passage to Hollywood. His first film? A wrongfully convicted man (Spencer Tracy) who fakes his death and attempts to bring his tormentors to justice.
It's a powerful film with a perfect -- almost unheard of -- film ending. Lang warns his audience (and himself?) to move from fury to grace.
Notable Since: The Woman in the Window (USA, 1944), Ministry of Fear (USA, 1944), Scarlet Street (USA, 1945), The Big Heat (USA, 1953)
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Ang Lee
Sense and Sensibility (UK, 1995)
Previous Pedigree: Eat Drink Man Woman (Taiwan, 1994), The Wedding Banquet (Taiwan, 1993)
Notice a lot of British set films on this list? Lee explained to New York Magazine in 1996 why he felt like he was appropriately asked to film this adaptation of Jane Austen's novel: "In some ways I probably know that nineteenth-century world better than English people today, because I grew up with one foot in a feudal society. Of course, the dry sense of humor, the sense of decorum and the social code is different. But the essence of social repression against free will: I grew up with that."
Also, notable, Lee staged a Taiwanese adaptation of Tennessee Williams' play "The Glass Menagerie" as an undergrad at the Taiwan Academy of Art.
Notable Since: Brokeback Mountain (USA, 2005), The Ice Storm (USA, 1997), Life of Pi (USA, 2012), Hulk (USA, 2003) and Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Taiwan, 2000)
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Louis Malle
Pretty Baby (USA, 1978)
Previous Pedigree: Elevator to the Gallows (France, 1958), The Fire Within (France, 1963), Murmor of the Heart (France, 1971)
Louis Malle's first US production was labeled "child pornography" on the covers of magazines before it ever screened and thus never found an audience.
What was the fervor about? A 12 year-old girl (Brooke Shields) who was raised in a New Orleans whorehouse by her mother (Susan Sarandon) at the start of the 20th century, is auctioned off to lose her virginity.
Pretty Baby isn't pornography. But it is heartbreaking and realistically rendered. It's also gorgeously shot and restrained in sexuality.
Following Murmur of the Heart, childhood sexuality was now familiar territory for Malle. He filmed both films without judgement or malice, just matter of fact: this girl lived and continued to live. And her life was more than her deflowering.
Notable Since: Au Revoir les Enfants (France, 1987), Atlantic City (USA, 1980) and Damage (UK, 1992)
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Roman Polanski
Repulsion (UK, 1965)
Previous Pedigree: Knife in the Water (Poland, 1962)
For Polanski's first film, Knife in the Water, he directed a claustrophobic chamber play (on a boat!) about escalating manhood. In his first English-lanuage film, Polanski filmed a young woman (Catherine Deneuve) whose internalized sexual claustrophobia creates fears attributed to man's desire within each door frame and each hallway.
Notable Since: Chinatown (USA, 1974), Rosemary's Baby (USA, 1968), The Pianist (France, 2002) and The Ghost Writer (UK, 2010)
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Francois Truffaut
Fahrenheit 451 (UK, 1966)
Previous Pedigree: The 400 Blows (France, 1959), Jules and Jim (France, 1962) and Shoot the Piano Player (France, 1960)
This was the only English-language film that the French New Wave pioneer ever directed. It was also his first in color. While dystopian sci-fi is commonplace now, it was not in the 1960s. Fahrenheit 451 is both a great introduction to the genre and unlike anything else in Truffaut's filmography.
Notable Since: Small Change (France, 1976), Two English Girls (France, 1971) and The Last Metro (France, 1980)